First aid for Fainting and Fracture | fracture first aid steps | first aid for fainting | First aid basics - Learn Hutt

First aid for Fainting and Fracture | fracture first aid steps | first aid for fainting | First aid for Dislocation | First aid basics | Lesson - 6 | Learn Hutt 

Fainting: 

A faint is a brief loss of consciousness that is caused by a temporary reduction of blood flow to the brain. 

Recognition:

• A brief loss of consciousness causing the casualty to fall on the floor.
• A slow pulse. 
• Pale, cold skin and sweating. 

First Aid:

• Lay the casualty down, and raise and support the legs.
• Make sure that the victim gets plenty of fresh air.
• As the victim recovers, reassure and help to sit up gradually.
• Look for and treat any injury that has been sustained through falling. 

Head injuries: 

All injuries to the head are potentially dangerous, and require proper assessment, particularly if the casualty’s consciousness is impaired: this may indicate damage to the brain, damage to blood vessels inside the skull or a skull fracture. 

First Aid:

Seeking immediate doctor’s opinion is the only prime duty of the first Aider.

Fracture: 

A fracture is a break or a crack in the bone. Fractures are classified into closed and open fractures. 

In closed fracture, the surrounding skin is unbroken but internal injury to surrounding tissues may cause local swelling.

In open fracture, close to the fracture the skin is broken, through which the bone may or may not protrude. If bleeding is noticed, treat as to wound. 

First Aid:

• Provide more permanent support, with firm padding, bandaging or splinting. An uninjured part of the body is the best form of splint. 

Do not move the casualty until the injured part is secured and supported unless the vietim is in danger. 

Spinal injury: 

The nervous system consists of the brain and the spinal cord. This system is the most highly developed system in the body. It controls consciousness, contains centers for memory, speech, and thought and will co-relate the activities of the other body systems. This complex network of nerve cells and fibers carries electric impulses at speeds of about 200 kms per hour, conveying signals between the prime and the rest of the nervous systems. 

Injury to brain or spinal cord is very serious; because damaged cells never recover. However, peripheral nerves can regenerate if the severed nerve ends are joined surgically soon after an injury:

Recognition:

• Pain in the neck or the back.
• A step, irregularity, or twist in the normal curve of the spine. 
• Tenderness on gently feeling the spine. 
• Loss of control over limbs; movement may be weak or absent. 
• Loss of sensation.
• Abnormal sensations like burning or tingling. The casualty may say that limbs feel 'stiff', ‘heavy’ or ‘clumsy’. 
•  Breathing difficulties. 

First Aid:

• Treat like fracture - but take extra care to keep the victim’s head, trunk and toes in straight line at all times during the man oeuvre. 

Dislocations:

First Aid: Treat as fracture.