First Aid | First Aid Basics | Guide To First Aider | Air way blockage, Respiratory Failure & Circulatory Failure | Learn How To Perform First Aid | Lesson - 2 | Learn Hutt

First Aid | First Aid Basics | Guide To First Aider | Air way blockage, Respiratory Failure & Circulatory Failure | Learn How To Perform First Aid | Lesson - 2 | Learn Hutt

Guide To First Aider

Problems and its First Aid:

Air way blockage: This may be obstructed by food, vomit, foreign body, swelling of throat after injury, muscle spasm in drowning/ hanging, a heavy weight on the chest or rolling of tongue in an unconscious casualty.

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First Aid:
To remove solids - Conscious victim. 
    1. Ask the casualty to cough. 
    2. Bend the casualty well forward at the waist and give up to five     sharp slaps between the shoulder blades with the flat of your hand.

   

    3. If back slaps fail, try up to five abdominal thrusts. Put your arms around the casualty’s trunk. Link your hands below the ribcage and pull sharply inwards and upwards. If abdominal thrusts fails, Continue alternating back slaps and abdominal thrusts until the obstruction clears. 

To remove solids - Unconscious victim. 

    1. Turn the casualty on to his side and give five sharp slaps with the flat of your hand between his shoulder blades.
    2. If back slap fail, kneel astride or along side the casualty. Place the heel of one hand below his rib cage and cover it with your other hand. Press sharply inwards and upward up to five times. If     this also fails, continue alternating back slaps and abdominal thrusts until the obstruct clears. 

For swellings and muscle spasms at the throat. 

    1. To restore a supply of fresh air to the lungs. 

Click here: First Aid Basics and Introduction To First Aid | Learn How To Perform First Aid | Lesson - 1 

Respiratory failure: 

If this fails, oxygen supply fails to reach the vital parts of the body. Especially the brain that controls all bodily functions fails, if oxygen supply is not there for 3 to 4 minutes. Casualty will loose conscious, the heart beat and breathing will also cease.

• Normal breathing rate - Adult - 15 to 16 times per minute.
• Normal breathing rate - Child - 20 to 30 times per minute.

However, it can vary due to mental / physical strains and due to illness. 

First Aid:
Give artificial mouth-to-mouth respiration (by placing a handker chief, if necessary), on the victim’s mouth by closing the nostrils. Blow in maximum air into the lungs and watch for the victim’s chest expansion. If not responding, treat for choke.

In case of mouth injuries or rescue from water, mouth - to - nose method of artificial respiration may be given by closing the mouth. For babies use mouth - to - mouth - and - nose method. 

Imp: In case of labored breathing do not give artificial respiration. 

Circulatory failure:
Blood is oxygenated by breathing and circulated by heartbeat. If this fails, oxygen supply to vital parts of the body fails. Especially the brain, the chief controller.

Normal heart beat - Adult - 60 to 80 times per minute, and it will be more in children. This can also vary due to mental / physical strains and due to illness. Heartbeats are counted at the pressure points, mainly at the wrist and at the neck. At the wrist it is radial pulse and at the neck it is carotid pulse.

First Aid:
Give chest compressions. Depress chest by  to 2 inches during each compression. Give maximum number of compressions, since each compression circulates blood, which carries oxygen to vital
parts.

Imp: Do not give chest compression when the pulse is low or feeble.
Where there is heavy blood loss by internal/external bleeding. the radial pulse will disappear. Hence, check at the neck for the carotid pulse and then go for chest compression.

By giving chest compressions chances are very less to start the stopped heart, but still you continue chest compression to ensure blood circulation to vital parts of the body, till the medical aid is given.
By giving chest compressions chances are very less to start the stopped heart, but still you continue chest compression to ensure blood circulation to vital parts of the body, till the medical aid is given.

Respiratory and circulatory failure:

First Aid:
Commence CPR (Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation)
Adult - 15 compressions ( With two hands) to 2 ventilation per minute.
1 to 7 yrs - 5 compressions (With one hand) to 1 ventilation per minute.
Below 1 year - 5 compressions (With two fingers ) to 1 ventilation (mouth and nose ) per minute.

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